Prof Jonathan Van Tam said people have "relaxed too much" over the summer and "we have got to start taking this very seriously again".

If not, the UK will have "a bumpy ride over the next few months", he warned.

He said that infections among younger people in EU countries had later filtered through to older age groups.

France and Spain are among a number of European countries that have seen a sharp rise in coronavirus cases in recent weeks, after lockdown restrictions were eased and testing for the disease was ramped up.

On Monday, Spain became the first country in western Europe to record 500,000 infections, after tallying more than 26,000 new infections over the weekend.

Prof Van Tam's comments came as more parts of the UK are to face tougher restrictions following a rise in the number of cases.

On Sunday UK authorities announced 2,988 new cases - the highest figure since 22 May, while a further 2,948 cases were reported in the 24 hours to 09:00 BST on Monday.

Stricter rules on home visits will be extended to two more areas in the west of Scotland from midnight.

In Wales, the county borough of Caerphilly is to be placed under a local lockdown from 18:00 BST on Tuesday.

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"People have relaxed too much, now is the time for us to re-engage, and to realise that this a continuing threat to us," Prof Van Tam said.

Prof Van Tam added that hospital admissions and deaths were "at a very low level" in the UK and the rise in cases was most prominent among those aged between 17 and 21 - but the country risks following the trajectory of some EU countries.

"Where case numbers rise initially in the younger parts of the population they do in turn filter through and start to give elevated rates of disease and hospital admissions in the older age groups, and we know that then becomes a serious public health problem," he said.

"The fact that 17 to 21-year-olds are not becoming ill means they are lucky, but they also forget because the disease is not severe for them that they are potent spreaders."

'Blunt warning'

Prof Van Tam added that the trend had moved away from "specific hotspots", such as the one that occurred in Leicester last month.

Instead, "there is a more general and creeping geographic trend across the UK that disease levels are now beginning to turn up".

He urged public health officials and politicians to think about how the virus is managed not in the short term, but over the next six months and "until the spring"

BBC health editor Hugh Pym said it was a "blunt warning" about the spread of the virus from Prof Van Tam, who implied the next week would be critical as officials and ministers studied the emerging data.

"This is a wake up call for the public to get real about social distancing from a medical leader who is clearly worried," our correspondent added.

It comes after Transport Secretary Grant Shapps announced a change in England's quarantine policy, adopting an approach which allows islands to treated differently to a country's mainland.

He said travellers arriving in England from seven Greek islands will have to self-isolate for 14 days from 04:00 BST on Wednesday.

They are Crete, Lesvos, Mykonos, Santorini, Serifos, Tinos, and Zakynthos (also known as Zante).